Occurrence and effect of bentonite migration in geosynthetic clay liners

Since the introduction of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) to waste containment facilities, one of the major concerns about their use has been the hydraulic equivalence to a compacted clay liner as required by regulations. This paper presents field case histories that confirm the laboratory observations of bentonite migration and the effect of bentonite migration on hydraulic equivalence and contaminant transport through a GCL